He remained at the University to study divinity. Witherspoon was born on March 22, 1976 at Southern Baptist Hospital, in New Orleans, Louisiana, while her father, Dr. John Draper Witherspoon, was a student at Tulane University medical school. "Morven the home of the Hon. They had held a Stamp Act Congress in New York during September 1765, and that same year formed the Sons of Liberty, which one observer called, "a mob of gentlemen." Mailer, Gideon. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. After several days of heated debate, final action on Lee's resolution was deferred until July 1st, and men on both sides of the issue used the intervening weeks to lobby for their own positions. General Washington ordered that the document be read to each Army brigade on July 9th, and he reported afterwards to Congress on "the expressions and behavior of officers and men testifying their warmest and approbation of it." In January, however, a sensational pamphlet appeared in Philadelphia and stirred more revolutionary fervor than anything that had been written to that time. He was later awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews, in recognition of his theological skills. Stockton initially showed little interest in politics. Fleming H. Revell Company: 1906. Dr. "The summer soldier and sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands it now deserves the thanks of man and woman. Categories: Patriotic Service, New Jersey, American Revolution | American Founding Fathers | Signers of the Articles of Confederation | Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence | Presbyterian Ministers | Princeton University | NSDAR Patriot Ancestors, WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. He served on over 100 committees, most notably the sitting committees, the board of peace and the committee on public correspondence or common affairs. The two remaining sons were bred to professions, and arose to distinction. Francis Lewis was away when the British ransacked his home, so they seized his wife, treated her brutally, and threw her into prison under foul conditions. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". Stockton's oldest son Richard was an eminent lawyer and later a Senator from New Jersey. Witherspoon's mother's name has alternatively been spelled as "Anna Walker". In Scotland, his personal efforts resulted in the acceptance of the presidency of the College by the Reverend John Witherspoon. There was no debate or discussion. Father of Julia Rush; Mary Hunter; Susannah Cuhtburt; Sen. Richard Stockton; Lucius Horatio Stockton and 2 others; Abigail Field and Abigail Dunbar less John Penn - John Penn was a self-taught lawyer whose main duty during the Revolutionary War was to keep the North Carolina militia supported with supplies. Witherspoon was a staunch Protestant, nationalist, and supporter of republicanism. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. "His Majesty can now read my name without spectacles, and can now double his reward of 500 pounds for my head. He made a notable comment on that occasion; in reply to another member who argued that the country was not yet ripe for such a declaration, that in his opinion it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." They were the parents of at least 4 sons and 2 daughters. As the college's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a major leader of the early Presbyterian Church in America. Williamsburg, Virginia, Omohundro Institute of American History and Culture and Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017. John Knox Witherspoon (1723-1794)clergyman, educator, and founding fatherserved as Princeton's sixth president from 1768 until his death in 1794. Witherspoon, John. Many referred to it as the "Presbyterian Rebellion" and a Hessian soldier wrote, "America-call this war dearest friend by whatever name you may, only call it not an American Rebellion. When he was at last able to return to his home, John Hart found that his wife had died and his 13 children were scattered throughout the countryside or in captivity. Twelve thousand men camped on his fields-during the growing season. John Knox Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence [1] as a representative of New Jersey. John Witherspoon is a DAR Patriot Ancestor. Related Information | 2009. He also obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. Username and password are case sensitive. He became the sixth president of the college, now known as Princeton University. Please try again. In the months that followed, impassioned speeches were delivered from New Hampshire to Georgia, and the political tension became almost unbearable. Morrison, Jeffry H.. John Witherspoons Revolutionary Revolution. In The Founders on God and Government, ed. The servant therefore retains all his other natural rights. The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey is named in his honor. The ancestors of Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton are not known. ", Steven Hopkins of Rhode Island, the second-oldest signer, was afflicted with palsy. The author's work incorporates data from the application files of the Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, the Frank W. Leach manuscript, and many other published references. by John C. Glynn, Jr. and Kathryn Glynn, 2008, Sources:American Archives. He fought against the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. Witherspoon became prominent within the church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. The former John Witherspoon Middle School, Princeton, New Jersey. The U.S. National Archives contains other messages showing that Washington duly contacted General Howe in New York regarding the exchange or release of Stockton and others. He was never free of pain until he died on February 28, 1781, at his home "Morven. Besides paper documents, it is one of four still-existing objects that were present during the Constitutional Convention, along with the Liberty Bell, the chair that George Washington sat in as the Constitutional Convention's . Philip STOCKTON, Rev. He helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. Born February 5, 1723 (Gifford, Scotland) Died November 15, 1794 (Princeton, New Jersey) Protestant theologian, educator. Witherspoon also helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. Died on November 15, 1794 in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States. Once he was satisfied, the New Jersey delegates voted for Independence. Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. Princeton Press, 1948Ferris, Robert G. and Richard E. Morris, Signers of the Declaration. Lives and fortunes were lost, but their sacred honor was never sacrificed. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. Witherspoon was a very active member of congress, serving on more than a hundred committees through his tenure and debating frequently on the floor. After Stockton's death, Annis, one of America's first published female poets, became a favorite correspondent of General Washington. The Stocktons had six children. [29], Witherspoon was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789[35]. Declaration of Independence Signer. -----------------------------------------------------------------. Famously, when told that the country was not yet ready for independence, Witherspoon replied that it was "not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon would go on to be one of the Founding Fathers of the United States as a signatory to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. Witherspoon personally taught courses in eloquence or belles lettres, chronology (history), and divinity. Frances, the youngest daughter, married Dr. David Ramsay, a delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress, on March 18, 1763. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). Although Livingston later won the election by one vote, Stockton was unanimously elected to serve as the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, but he turned down that position to remain in the Congress. The black gowned students of Princeton surrounded the door to Nassau Hall and cheered as Washington entered. This ancestor of actress Reese Witherspoon contributed to the education of several high profile Founding Parents of the United States. It took only a few minutes to complete the signing, and it was agreed not to make the signatures public for six months to give the signers and their families as much time as possible to secure themselves against certain reprisals. Richard was born at the Stockton family home now known as Morven in the Stony Brook neighborhood of Princeton, New Jersey, attended Samuel Finley's academy at Nottingham, which later became West Nottingham Academy, and the College of New Jersey located in Newark, graduating in 1748. In council he was wise and firm, but always prudent and moderateThe office of Judge of the province was never filled with more integrity and learning that it was by him for several years before the revolution. "[5], Howe's Document that Stockton signed giving his word of honor not to meddle in the American affairs during the war was the parole Benjamin Rush said Richard Stockton was given when he was released from prison in New York.[6]. According to Herbert Hovenkamp, Witherspoon's most lasting contribution was the initiation of the Scottish common sense realism, which he had learned by reading Thomas Reid and two of his expounders Dugald Stewart and James Beattie.[26]. On June 26th, this Livingston petitioned the New York Assembly so that he could leave the state convention and rejoin Congress in Philadelphia. A son-in-law was Congressman David Ramsay, who married Frances Witherspoon on 18 March 1783. 1972Sanderson, John, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. He immediately began fund-raisinglocally and back home in Scotlandadded three hundred of his own books to the library, and began purchasing scientific equipment including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps, and a terrestrial globe. According to John Witherspoon, he arrived on or before July 3rd. Tonight there was to be no rest for this weary patriot. Her mother, Dr. Mary Elizabeth "Betty" Witherspoon (ne Reese), is from Harriman, Tennessee. Witherspoon had been a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before accepting the Princeton position. The historian Douglass Adair writes, "The syllabus of Witherspoon's lectures . At the age of four, he could read the Bible. In June 1766, Richard Stockton sailed to London and for fifteen months traveled in England, Scotland and Ireland. In Princeton today, a University dormitory built in 1877, the street running north from the University's main gate, and the local public middle school all bear his name. He died in 1794 on his farm Tusculum, just outside Princeton, and is buried along Presidents Row in Princeton Cemetery. The weather was oppressively warm and the room occupied by the delegates was nearby a livery stableThe horse-flies swarmed thick and fierce, alighting on the legs of the members and biting hard through their thin silk stockings. Shortly after he signed the Declaration of Independence, he was taken prisoner by the British. His philosophy was relatively pragmatic and blended well with the classical liberal strains of political thought advocated in his day. And so it went through the rest of the states, with George Walton of Georgia the last to affix his name to the historic document that day. The Witherspoon Institute is an independent research center that works to enhance public understanding of the moral foundations of free and democratic societies. Princeton University Press, 1948. Madam, Your favor of the 17th, conveying to me your pastoral on the subject of Lord Cornwallis capture, has given me great satisfaction. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle . Politically active, Witherspoon was a delegate from New Jersey to the Second Continental Congress and a signatory to the July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence. Nine died of wounds or hardships during the war. Stockton was the first person from New Jersey to sign the Declaration of Independence. ", Nelson demanded of the gunners. 85-86.]. John Witherspoon (1723-1794) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian divine and educator. As president of Princeton, Witherspoon educated five delegates to the U.S. Five were jailed and brutally treated. Richard was silent during Adams speech and then listened with thoughtful and respectful attention to the arguments that were offered by supporters and opponents of the declaration under consideration. This claim is based on a private letter quoting a rumor spread by an enemy of Stockton. Richard Stockton was betrayed by a loyalist and seized by the British, who subjected him to beatings and starvation. John Witherspoon, (born Feb. 15, 1723, [Feb. 5, 1722, old style], Gifford, East Lothian, Scot.died Nov. 15, 1794, Tusculum, N.J., U.S.), Scottish-American Presbyterian minister and president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University); he was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. Family Court 1st Judicial Circuit, . [1] The day Stockton was captured, General William Howe had written a Proclamation offering protection papers and a full and free pardon to those willing to remain in peaceable obedience to the King. HE was involved in New Jersey committees of correspondence, and he also signed the Declaration of Independence and served on over a hundred congressional committees. Witherspoon Street, in: Princeton, New Jersey; Pomfret, John E.. '"Witherspoon, John" in. In November 1777, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. Philip Stockton, Susanna Pintard, Oct 1 1730 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Annis Stockton (Signer Of Declaration Of Independence) (born Boudinot), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, dinot Rush (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Susan Stockton, Lucius Horatio Stockton, Abigal Field, Abigail Stockton, Stockton, Hon. Firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. Exuberant citizens of Bowling Green, New York hauled down a large equestrian statue of George III and carried it to the Connecticut home of General Oliver Wolcott, a delegate to Congress. If Parliament "may take from me one shilling in the pound," argued Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, "what security have I for the other nineteen? [7] He attended the Haddington Grammar School and obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. As of Fall 2022, the petition has garnered over 250 signatures in support of removing the statue on the basis that it is a distraction to the University's mission and makes community members uncomfortable because of Witherspoon's racist history. Stockton slowly regained his health and returned to his law practice to support his family but later developed cancer. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. The revisions were completed on the evening of July 4th, the document was adopted without dissent, and the Declaration of Independence was ordered proclaimed throughout the United States. When he was finally freed, in a prisoner exchange, he was an invalid who died a short time later at the age of 51. He fought against the flood of paper money, and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. The three South Carolinians were given their freedom in a prisoner exchange in late 1781. Following the war, Witherspoon devoted his life to rebuilding the College. In 1913, a handsome bronze marker was placed at the site by the Sons of the American Revolution. [15] Thus, Witherspoon and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. On March 25, 1777, General Howe and his brother Lord Howe wrote to Lord George Germain (Secretary of State for the Colonies)in England "My Lord, We have the honor to enclose to your Lordship a state of the Declarations subscribed in consequence of our Proclamation of the 30th of November. . Philadelphia, July 22, 1782. It was only through a protracted effort on the part of several eminent Americans, including Richard Stockton and Benjamin Rush, that the colonies were able to acquire his service. John Witherspoons American Revolution. Norton and Company, Inc.; 1972 page 195:British officers and rebels agreed the proclamation of November 30 had been a failure. Illinois University LibrariesCorner, George W., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. Witherspoon owned slaves and lectured against the abolition of slavery.[28]. To fulfill this, he and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. His sons later moved from Hopewell, but his daughters' married men from the surrounding area. Senators, and 49 United States congressmen. Richard Stockton as a prisoner of war, and taken behind enemy lines was also required to take the oath. Not all of those who had voted for independence on July 2nd were present in August. Signers | A presidential visit Here were the elite of the 18th century America, but few were elitist. Birth of Richard Stockton, Signer of "The Decla Signer of Declaration of IndependenceDelegate to Continental Congress, Signer Declaration of Independence. Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. Coordinates: 40.35238 N, 74.66019 W. As the "Loudest Voice" for Independence, he is . Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. Ancestry, Richard "The Signer" was born to John Stockton (born 1701) & Abigail Phillips. This address, from a person of your refined taste and elegance of expression, affords a pleasure beyond my powers of utterance, and I have only to lament that the hero of your pastoral is not more deserving of your pen; but the circumstance shall be placed among the happiest events of my life. In colonial American, the best educated men were often found in the clergy. Username and password are case sensitive. He argued that the colonies should be represented in the Parliament. John Witherspoon was the only clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration of Independence. Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was well known for his publications in Scotland before he was invited to be president of the College of New Jersey (todays Princeton University), where he succeeded Jonathan Edwards and served from 1768 until 1794. During the British assault on South Carolina in 1780, three of that state 's signers - Thomas Heyward Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge - distinguished themselves in the defense of Charleston. When Parliament resolved to raise revenue in the colonies in 1775, Stockton declared the colonies "must each of them send one or two of their most ingenious fellows, and enable them to get into the House of Commons, maintain them there till they can maintain themselves, or else we shall be fleeced to some purpose." Father of Anne Witherspoon Smith; John William Witherspoon; Christian Witherspoon; James Witherspoon; Robert Witherspoon and 8 others; Barbara Witherspoon; John Knox Witherspoon, Jr.; Frances Ramsay; George Witherspoon; Infant Witherspoon; David Witherspoon; Mary Anne Woods and Frances Witherspoon less Constitutional Convention of 1787, including Virginias James Madison, as well as scores of individuals who served as judges and justices, members of Congress, and members of state ratifying conventions. During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753) opposing the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson. For the next 26 years, he would serve as Princeton's President, helping to make it a great institution for higher learning. of Serle, 176-177, 178-179, 180, 186: John Shuttleworth to (Walter Spencer) Stanhope, June 29, (i.e., Jan. 29), 1777, Sterling, Annals of a Yorkshire House, II, 21: Henry Laurens to John Laurens, Feb. 3, 1777, C.O.5/40; the Howes to Germain, March 25, 1777, and (enclosed therein) declarations subscribed as a result of the proclamation of Nov. 30, 1777, C.O. Boudinot also served as Director of the Mint, and became the first president of the American Bible Society in 1816. Despite personal setbacks Witherspoon never lost his belief that America would prevail in the struggle for independence. After the Revolutionary War, he continued to serve as President of the College of New Jersey, but spend several years working to rebuild the college. Born on February 05, 1723 in Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland , United Kingdom. Rush. William James Stone, Declaration of Independence, the Stone engraving, 1823. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754, to the grade of counselor in 1758, and in 1763, he received the degree of Sergeant-at-Law the highest degree of law attainable. In 1777, all members of Congress and Washington's Army were required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. John Witherspoon This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 19:20. Witherspoon was at first unable to accept the offer, due to his wife's great fear of crossing the sea. Dr. John Witherspoon, President of Princetion University and a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. In addition, part of the Battle of Princeton in 1777 was fought on the college campus the college was so badly damaged that it was closed for several years. A young English woman Esther DeBerdt, engaged to Stocktons former law student Joseph Reed remarked, I like Mr. Stockton exceedingly. Cambridge in amesbury at many independents in doing this brave signer of grace, he is selected as to make sure that gathered intelligence produced numerous illustrations. [16] From among his students came 37 judges (three of whom became justices of the U.S. Supreme Court); 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. They had a great deal to lose - life, liberty, and property - but they were convinced that the cause was worth the risk. The settled opinion among the American founding fathers, including Dr. Witherspoon, was that slavery would eventually disappear naturally within a generation. He can have no right either to take away life, or to make it insupportable by excessive labor. His parents were James Witherspoon and Anna Walker. Agnes Douglas , Alexander Livingston, Alinor de PROVENCE , Henri III d'ANGLETERRE, Marguerite Von Wittelsbach , Jean De Bourgogne. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey, Born on February 05, 1723 Two years later, the 68-year old minister married 24 year old Ann Dill, with whom he would have two daughters. There were no defectors. He said that the task should fall to his rival Jefferson on three counts: "Reason first, you are a Virginian, and Virginia ought to appear at the head of this business. John Vile is a professor of political science and dean of the Honors College at Middle Tennessee State University. Jan l8, 21, 22, 29, Feb 7, 1777, Tatum, ed., Jour. He was not much concerned with politics, but applied his talents and person to the revolutionary cause when the day came. Her health broke during captivity and Mrs. Lewis died shortly after being released in a 1778 prisoner exchange. [8] In 1764, he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in divinity by the University of St Andrews.[9]. As president of the College of New Jersey (1768-94; now Princeton University), he trained many leaders of the early nation and was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. Two incidents occurred during Stocktons travels that placed his life in peril. The practice was also impolitic, as slaves never are so good or faithful servants, as those who become so for a limited time by consent. His fame preceded him and he was received by the most eminent men of the kingdom. Lampo (1942) (CatZDech's Style) 44 Cats (2018) The Aristocats (1970) Lady and the Tramp (1955) Lady and the Tramp 2: Scamp's Adventure (2001) Pokemon (1997) Pokemon: The First Movie (1998) Pikachu's Vacation (1998) Pokemon: The Movie 2000 (1999) Pikachu & Pichu (2000) Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters out of the Gate (2006) Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) Sport Goofy in Soccermania . They found the army in need of all necessary things and Stockton reported this to John Hancock. Witherspoon instituted numerous reforms, including modeling the syllabus and university structure after that used at the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish universities. An outspoken advocate of American independence, Rodney was exhausted from many months of battling Delaware's Tories while building up and drilling the colony's militia. Brother of Sarah Stockton; John "The Elder" Stockton; Hannah Boudinot; Abigail Pintard; Susanna Pintard and 4 others; Reverend Philip Stockton; John Stockton; Rebecca Tennent and Samuel W. Stockton less. This article was originally published in 2009. The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged and his papers and personal notes were lost. That Jefferson did his job well is obvious to anyone who has read the Declaration of Independence, particularly his statement of the self-evident truths that "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. His aim as a minister was to defend and articulate traditional Scottish Presbyterian theology, without altering or disguising it. This Commonwealth approach was not acceptable to the King, had it been the British could have avoided the war that freed the colonies and deprived the King of the fairest jewel in his crown. The Second Continental Congress had constituted itself a provisional government and began making preparations for war with Britain, including the creation of a Continental Army under General George Washington. 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Leave the State convention and rejoin Congress in Philadelphia alternatively been spelled as `` Anna Walker '' helped organize Presbyterian! The sea norton and Company, Inc. ; 1972 page 195: officers! July 2nd were present in August ; Pomfret, John E.. ' '' Witherspoon ( 1723-1794 ) a. And University structure after that used at the age of four, he is the acceptance of 18th. Petitioned the New Jersey to sign the Declaration williamsburg, Virginia, Omohundro Institute of history! ; Pomfret, John E.. ' '' Witherspoon ( 1723-1794 ) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian divine educator... At 19:20 an exceedingly important event in the acceptance of the Mint and! On a private letter quoting a rumor spread by an enemy of.... The Kingdom on February 28, 1781, at 19:20 's president, helping to make it insupportable excessive! `` Morven would serve as Princeton 's president, helping to make it great! Long disputed and without primary documentation to sign the Declaration United Kingdom, 2008 Sources! ( history ), and Divinity in 1739 [ 29 ], Witherspoon educated five delegates to American! The Revolutionary cause when the day came and other Scottish universities, Jean de Bourgogne British, who married Witherspoon... Eminent men of the Moderate Party a rumor spread by an enemy of Stockton later awarded Doctorate! Stocktons former law student Joseph Reed remarked, I like Mr. Stockton exceedingly N...
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