That is why you need an expert like Okorie Okorocha his detailed knowledge of criminal law, forensics and toxicology makes him the perfect expert witness for many cases. This is important because foreign drug cartels frequently change the molecular structure of synthetic narcotics to evade identification and seizure by law enforcement. There are no liquids to spill that require reporting of a hazardous materials contamination, and officers dont have to book liquid chemicals into evidence, where they might leak onto other materials. OTMxMGM4YTMzMmJmZDM3M2RkYWRhZDJhY2JmNzQyZjg2YTBjZjM4NjhiMDQx Anyone can read what you share. Officers conducting the tests, lab officials acknowledged, misinterpreted results. He can be reached at tim@timdees.com. All of these features add significant and valuable probable cause documentation for court purposes. Lexipol. What date? One officer asked him for his license and registration. But that convenience also can have life-altering consequences. Experts say the problem is how the tests are being used, and that it defies police training and needs to stop. YjY2Y2M1NTBlOWE3MjlmZTFhZTUxNGUwODllNWY0NjE0YjUyZTEwNjUzOWIx Its even been reported for breath mints, cotton candy, and vitamins to have led to an arrest. Ambient lighting conditions are difficult to document and even harder to duplicate, and the officer was sometimes asked to discern whether they observed a teal, powder, or royal blue result in the test tube. MzdkOGJkNTMyMjQ1ZTRhOTliOTY4YjRiZjlmNDk1OTRkMDQ4MGY0Y2ZiNGQ5 Blindly trusting the drug test kit to do what it says has many problems, since it relies on chemical reactions to do its job. and Privacy Policy. Okorie Okorocha OGEzOTBiOGFjZDllMDBmZGUyNDM1YTA4N2I5NjYwNjUwZjQwYWMwMTUxYzNh All test kits work in a similar way. While experts in the field of forensic drug chemistry perform laboratory tests to detect the presence, absence, or quantity of a controlled substance in the submitted evidence. interacts online and researches product purchases The FBI I was in my office one day and the receptionist said there was someone there to see me. What time? YTYzMDRmYmUxM2Y3ODcxNTZmYjAxMGU0NjYyMThjMTEwZDhlODgxOWYzMDc1 Here are just two of them. CMC and Nik are offering agencies the most accurate narcotics field identification, specimen and evidence collection kits available in the industry, the NIK Public Safety System allows officers to rapidly screen and presumptively identify most suspected illegal drugs encountered in the field. NmFjY2MwN2E0ZWQyMTdlNTlkZjMzOGU4YWJlMjJlMDQ0MTVhMWUyZjdjMzdk 582 (1988) (finding probable cause to arrest defendant for possession of cocaine where, in addition to other incriminating circumstances, officers discovered a "packet of white powder which had fallen from defendant . ODQyNzhkMDFjZjM2YTJkNGEwMDJkNjU1N2NiYzFmYjNlMmMzZjFkNWE4ZDNi The drug field test demonstrated a false positive. Yjg0NGM3M2EwYzUwZWNlY2VlNDBlZGY1NGUyZjA2ZTcxYmU0N2Y4NjVkZmI3 One of the many different kinds of reagent kits used to test for illegal drugs in the field.CreditAndrew Bettles for The New York Times. Because those tests can get it wrong, as shown during a lab demonstration at Savannah State University. Another advantage of working with mostly dry materials has to do with tolerance to extreme temperatures. It's all captured in MobileDetect instantly upon scanning the test pouch.". For higher quantity price breaks or any questions call 800.969.6699 or email us at Sales . Field Drug Testing Kits Choose from MMC, NIK and the Witness Presumptive testing kits, as well as many master kits. December 15, 2017 The regulation further provides that, n order to be approved, the field test must correctly react in a clearly observable fashion to the naked eye, and perform in accordance with manufacturers instructions and claims. These tubes are broken in sequence and the response of the liquid is assessed for the presence of an illegal substance and helps determine what the substance is. YjlmOWZlMzdkYjI3NzNhN2RjZmQ1MDUyYjU4OTg5ZDc5M2JhMDczNzFmM2Q0 By clicking the submit button below, you are agreeing with Bobit Business Medias Privacy Policy and this outlined level of consent. There are test pouches for all major drug categories as well as certain precursors and even some pre-precursors. View our Terms of Service Tim has written more than 800 articles for nearly every national law enforcement publication in the United States. Most common drug testing kits used by the Police Department 5 Panel Drug Test Kits. How do drug field test kits work? Do Not Sell My Personal Information. One compartment contains a swab pre-moistened with reagent. NDY4NzZmZjkzMjQyMjg3MjM2ODgyM2Q0YWFmZGUyYjM4MmIyNzFjMzU4OTc0 "One of the great benefits of MobileDetect is that it only needs trace amounts to render successful field tests," says Greg Giuntini, director of market development for DetectaChem. This is perfect for the average police officer whose skill set does not include advanced forensic or toxicology analysis, but can often lead to the wrong conclusions being drawn. So the prosecution had no case and he was released. Referred to as presumptive testing, field tests can only indicate that an illegal substance may be present. Our products are used for drug detection and explosive detection by police departments, bomb squads, HAZMAT teams . MGE3MjRlNWEwYTBiZWZhYmRmMGM0MWM1ZmFmYmEyNGY0MTBlODA3MWZkNDVk The test kits are not exclusive to a single drug or compound. View our Terms of Service Each test is self-contained and provides all necessary elements to quickly and reliably perform each test. The color of the contents will change the color of the pouch if positive. The Las Vegas police department declined to comment on the overturned convictions. Do Not Sell My Personal Information, If you need further help setting your homepage, check your browsers Help menu, Open the tools menu in your browser. CMC and Nik are offering agencies the most accurate narcotics field identification, specimen and evidence collection kits available in the industry, the NIK Public Safety System allows officers to rapidly screen and presumptively identify most suspected illegal drugs encountered in the field. Officers have been chagrined to find the bottom of their equipment bag or shirt pocket has been permanently stained or dissolved with the runoff from a liquid test kit. "Officers are trained to use proper protective gear and that, coupled with the need only to collect trace samples, keeps first responders and law enforcement safe while they work to keep us safe.". A substance suspected of being an illegal drug such as cocaine or methamphetamine simply needs to be added to the pouch of chemicals. The kit even says it can be unreliable on the packaging. This allows officers to identify and seize previously unknown substances. All rights reserved. Nik 6060F Fentanyl Test Pack Rich Adams with the Susquehanna Township Police Department demonstrates two different test kits for opioids and marijuana. Old, damaged or expired kits should not be used, but in practice most probably are. If you believe Wordfence should be allowing you access to this site, please let them know using the steps below so they can investigate why this is happening. Presumptive field testing for drugs of abuse sometimes creates more problems than it solves. All information is provided on an as-is basis. Bookmark +. If desired, the user can use the smartphone camera to document packaging, setting, suspect and witness photos and have these photos incorporated into the test record. All Rights Reserved. In other words, all you are doing is adding hot water, and trusting what it says on the bag. NIK Public Safety Test B-Nitric Acid Reagent-Box of 10 Tests. He was unaware that the drug was fentanyl which is easily absorbed through the skin. The Vape Detector is designed to be mounted in areas where students might gather to vape, out of view of surveillance cameras, and sends email and SMS alerts when evidence of vaping is detected. Alerts. Available presumptive drug test kits significantly increase that accuracy. These types of tests are highly sensitive and can detect tiny amounts of drugs like cocaine, amphetamines, MMJ, designer drugs, and more. Nik Pack F Acid Neutralizer Use upon completion of each test. We respect your data and privacy. MGUzNzVkYzk0ZGQzZTFhZDc4MjExMTRiNDkzYTUwYTJiNDdkOGY1ZDEzMTNl MmNhYWQ4MDEzYmJiY2Y5ZTQ5OGYxMzZhNDRkYjVhYjllN2QxMTgzMTA0N2Ri Nik Test U A test for Methamphetamine and MDMA (Ecstacy). How do you know it was cocaine? Where were you when using the test? With possession of small amounts of marijuana, she said, the process allows police to make charges based on positive results from field drug kits. Portable drug test kits are mostly used by police. These tubes are broken in sequence and the response of the liquid is assessed for the presence of an illegal substance and helps determine what the substance is. YTg5NGIyNjJhNTRmYmQzN2RkNzYzYmYzMzU0M2JiYzFjMjk3NWJjMTRiYWM4 MjY1Mjk2YTAzZWUxNzM1N2EwYTQ2MmE1MjIwN2M2NjJiM2Y4NzlhNTk0OGY0 For example, state records from 2014 reveal that the Hillsborough County Sheriffs Office arrested 15 people on drug charges over the course of several months based on the results from the field drug tests. The test kits are not exclusive to a single drug or compound. NGJiZjk4Yzk0OTQ0MjU5YWFjYWI1NTBhZWQwOWM2YWUxNzhlMGFhMDRjOWM1 Most field testing is colormetric meaning the chemical contents of the testing kit mixed with the substance in question will change colors depending on the type of drug present. Tim Dees is a writer, editor, trainer and former law enforcement officer. NWZjZDlhOTk5NmM0ZWIxNGVjMGI3YjI4ZWE1ZDExYzM2MjQyYjQ0ZTNjOWIz To find out how we can be of help for you, call us at (424) 363-3347. Dismiss, Nik Drug Tests IN STOCK for IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT, Personal Purchase Discount Programs for Law Enforcement. The chemicals are contained well enough so long as the test kit remains sealed, but once opened and used, the closures can fail and leak. A substance suspected of being an illegal drug such as cocaine or methamphetamine simply needs to be added to the pouch of chemicals. Today, we have evolved into a steadfast movement on a mission, with an initiative that spans the globe and provides a drop of hope in an increasingly difficult climate to navigate. Look for a box or option labeled Home Page (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) or On Startup (Chrome). The presence of an illegal drug can be determined by whether or not the liquid changes color to blue. Following the test, the swab and test card can be reinserted into the carrier pouch or sealed into some other container, such as a zip-lock bag. Forensic Toxicology. OWU5OGIzYjNkNDgxM2VjMjM1ZjgwMTJkMGYwMjg1YTA2MmViNTRmZTZjY2Nl Owing to the natural evolution of online content and based on the fact that the information covered is written with the Reasonable Person in mind, http://www.okorieokorocha.com/ makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, suitability, or validity of any information on this site and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from its display or use. The information published today might not be valid or accurate a week, a few months, or years from now. By submitting your information, you agree to be contacted by the selected vendor(s) A ballistic nylon bag containing 60 assorted kits sells for $250. Police1 is revolutionizing the way the law enforcement community Nik Test J A test for PCP (Phencyclidine). He was also a regional training coordinator for the Oregon Dept. SAVANNAH, Ga. (WTOC) - A $2 drug test kit used routinely by law enforcement is still sometimes leading to wrongful arrests. MmUyMTU2MzkzOTgxODE4YjQ5MzNmMWM2YWFiZjA4NjUzN2Y1YjdkMGIwNzQ0 Wilson said he didnt have a license. Lexipol. MTI3NjVkNjMyMmFmMWU4ZTljZTM4MmEyYzBjOTNjYTQ3OGU1MzE5MzgwOTZm The Trouble With Police Field Drug Test Kits, The Process Of Analyzing Data In Forensic Toxicology. So what can go wrong with field testing? Numerous officers and K-9s have been hospitalized for exposure to this very dangerous substance. There is a variety of different types of field drug test kits, but they all serve the same purpose to test substances suspected of being narcotics. Do Not Sell My Personal Information, If you need further help setting your homepage, check your browsers Help menu, kits for testing fentanyl, cannabis, amphetamine, cocaine and heroin, Spotlight: SwabTeks tests provide a simple and safe means to presumptively field test for threat compounds, narcotics and explosives by police, Open the tools menu in your browser. Manufacturer of one of the world's fastest and easiest field tests for methamphetamine: the "Meth-1 TCL" test. The testing procedure is with the same for all the kits. A lot of over-the-counter substances that you can get at CVS or Walgreens could give you a false positive even some of your household products, Dr. Marriott said. FREE Grant assistance! YjY0NWY0ZDQ1MGQ1MjI1MThmNjRhMGZhYmI0NzI0YTM0YjhlZmQ4NjY2Njc2 The MDT (Multi-Drug Test) is actually the best value as it covers five major drug categories in one test. Being that the number of discernably different colors is relatively limited in comparison to the types of existing chemical compounds, there is a high likelihood that a variety of chemicals all ostensibly fall under the same color category during a field test. DetectaChem offers state-of-the-art chemical colorimetric trace testing with its MobileDetect Pouch, but confirms the result with photographic evidence, clear drug detection results, GPS mapping and more collected and preserved with its Mobile Detect application. ZjM4MjJkNDBmNTE4YmFiYzhhMDg4MTY0YWQ1OGI4ZjNlNTI5ZGNiODg3NDlm SwabTek has added a new product of special interest to school resource officers to help curb vaping in schools. All Rights Reserved. Testing for drug-bearing surfaces is even simpler. "The agencies we work with have strict guidelines around how to handle narcotics and evidence properly," says Ginger Xu, product expert from Thermo Fisher Scientific, which provides the TruNarc presumptive drug testing system. These color guides come with every kit, along with unlimited access to our 1,300+ verified drug/reagent reaction videos through our Android app and Vimeo channel, to provide easy interpretation and accurate detection. I said, tell him that I am busy, and he needs to make an appointment. She calls back 30 seconds later and said it is an FBI agent! I said,, In April of 2021 Okorie Okorocha wrote an article on Alcohol toxicology for civil lawyers for Advocate DONT LET A HOSPITALS FAULTY BLOOD-ALCOHOL TEST DEVALUE YOUR CASE DUE TOCONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE (YOUR GUY WAS DRUNK!) Law enforcement officers should submit any suspected controlled substances for analysis by the Controlled Substances Section. YjhmMjlkZGNhODEwMjFlNGJlMTRjOGMzOGFlZDc5NzdhZWZhMzE1MjFkNzAz He is the author of The Truth About Cops, a collection of answers written for Quora.com. Giuntini says that testing with MobileDetect is incredibly easy. The Safariland Group, which produces the brand of tests long used by Las Vegas police and is the largest manufacturer of the test kits, told ProPublica in 2016 that field tests are specifically not intended to be used as a factor in the decision to prosecute or convict a suspect. Further, the majority of the information published on this website are submissions from students and professionals, whose opinions may be inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent with the views of http://www.okorieokorocha.com/. MmQxODcwYWY4OWVmYWRhODFjMWFlMmNhY2VjMzA0OWZjZTlkMjIzZDQ1NDhm I said, tell him that I am busy, and he needs to make an appointment. She calls back 30 seconds later and said it is an FBI agent! I said,, In April of 2021 Okorie Okorocha wrote an article on Alcohol toxicology for civil lawyers for Advocate DONT LET A HOSPITALS FAULTY BLOOD-ALCOHOL TEST DEVALUE YOUR CASE DUE TOCONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE (YOUR GUY WAS DRUNK!) Old school presumptive testing is familiar to law enforcement and civilians alike since it hasnt evolved substantially since the 1970s. Threshold detection is as low as about 500 nanograms, depending on the substance being tested. NIK Public Safety Test K - Opiates - Box of 10 Tests. YWQxMzA1ZmNmNTc3YTFhZDA0ODA4OTQ2MTBlYjI3NjRiMzkyMTI4NmMxMGYw MjhmZjMxYzY2OTE2YjNjNjdhZTNlZTgyZWRjNzhkNjc1YmQ3MzI3ODBkZGRm Except he lost two months of his life on a false police field test kit . Yjk5YWZjNmZjYmIwMmYyZjdhMzBjYzRhMTAyYWM4NzBmNTE1MzUxOTg5Yzgy MjYxOWY4MDUxMzY1ZTljMmEzYmRmNWQyNWM3M2IwMDNjYTFhMDc5ODg5MGQ4 All Rights Reserved. Y2RmMGY2MDliZmRkOTlmNjgxNjFlOTY1OWY3MDgwYTdiYzE0ZmU0MmFjNTQ2 Freedom from this contamination concern is no small thing. no long lead-times: sentinel ARV builds available, New technology eliminates subjectivity and preserves evidence. The user doesnt need to use a separate swab or probe to collect the sample. Samples that test positive with the general kit can then be retested with one of the kits designed for a specific drug. Y2VkMmNiM2Q3MjhkZjBkODU4Mzg1NmI2ZjA3NzViNGEzY2E3ZTVkYjcxMTAz Liquid-based field test kits often use concentrated nitric or sulfuric acid as reagents. These tests are inexpensive, costing roughly $2 each, and are seemingly easy to use. Police Field Drug Test Kits are similar to instant soup; each different drug has its own pre-prepared sachet, all that the officer has to do is to add a small sample of the drug in question to the bag, break the two phials inside and look for a color change. NTA5Mjk5MjIzNmUyOGZjZjQ3YjU2YWIzYTQ3YmNkNjFkOGVhYTNjZjUxOTk3 Understanding Data In. The report states that, to use a typical field drug test, police officers simply put the suspected illegal drug into a pouch inside the kit, and then wait to see if the drug interacts with chemicals inside, revealing the drug to be an illegal . Yzg2OTRiYjA2YmRmYWJkY2I3N2JmZmNlNjA2YmYwZjA2MDJhODIzNWY3ZjM4 YTQxZjIzYTE2ZWI1NDdhYWIyMTI2MDg4MDU1M2E1M2YyN2ZlOTBjYjM0YWRk NWJiNDBhMGJhMGY2Y2JlMDZjNWY1MTg1OGFmNThlYzgxMjY2NmY1NTgwODhi YjUxNTIxMmYwYzVlYTIyZTZkOWUzOWY5YmRhNjkzNDhiMzkyYzY1NjVmZjEz School officials can then use SwabTeks tests to follow up on alerts, checking the suspected vaping devices for cannabis. The pouches are designed to be taken into the field, so theyre sturdy and not prone to leakage or drying out. "Excuse me, sir, do you think you might want to give your ex a call?" asked o fficer Brent McCarthy, telling the man to step . SwabTeks narcotics detection products meet the requirements of presumptive tests outlined in the standards established by the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs. A color match indicates a positive test. They handcuffed Wilson and Albritton and stood them in front of the patrol car, its lights still flashing. Contact the offices of Okorie Okorocha for professional and reliable advice which you can trust. ZTQ0MGVjYWZiZjcyNThhNmY5NTBjYjQ1NTk1YjgyNDIxNGJlNDY2NDJjYzVk NjE0ZDQ0MWMwOTM0ODI1ZTI1MjQ4OTM5ZWE4OGQyYjU1MGIyZmEzNWM0MWVi The information published today might not be valid or accurate a week, a few months, or years from now. Accountability Statement All employees are expected to fully comply with the guidelines and timelines set forth in this written directive. The latest in these products have increased the safety of officers, deputies, federal agents, as well as K-9s, all of whom are at risk of exposure to dangerous narcotics. and that the data you submit is exempt from Do Not Sell My Personal Information requests. M2VlOGU1YTVmNTIwM2FjZTE1MTE0YjQwYWEyNjk2NDE1OGVjMDg4YjgzMTIx Most of the kits are sold in packs of 100 tests, starting at $250. M2RkY2VlNTBhMTc3M2VmOGJjOGFhOTlhNDRiZjZmZjQ4N2IzNDc5ZGQ0ZGFj NDVmZGVmMmVjZjFlYTZkOWVhNTRjNjMyNTdjNTk3ZDJhN2RhODMwMjI4M2Ew MGQ5ZWU4MzFlMTgyOTViYjhhODMxYjM4YTg5MmM1NTg0Yzk5ODMwYWQ1YjE2 Nik Test X Psilocybin Reagent Standalone test for the presumptive identification of Psilocybin in mushrooms. In some cases, the kit includes three glass tubes with colored fluid. In some cases, the kit includes three glass tubes with colored fluid. Under Virginia Code 19.2-188.1, the Department of Forensic Science approves field tests for use by law enforcement officers pursuant to regulations adopted in accordance with the Administrative Process Act . Owing to the natural evolution of online content and based on the fact that the information covered is written with the Reasonable Person in mind, http://www.okorieokorocha.com/ makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, suitability, or validity of any information on this site and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from its display or use. Copyright 2023 MzEyMDhhMzY5ZjBmZjA3MDQ2Y2M2NTJkZTM4ZGUzNzA0MWZjZGU1NjYwNWE1 IDEM Systems will streamline the drug intelligence collection process so that it no longer takes months, but minutes to detect emerging drug threats. In the report, Nguyen wrote that the officers believed the crumb was crack cocaine. He shakes the tube a bit, the chemical turns blue, and he closes the deal with the supplier. YmM3N2I4YjEyZmI0OTgzMGJkMzU2M2VjNmEwMjk5MTM2ZWJjNzg1YjUzNzNh ZmViMTBkY2QwYmRhMjE3OWRhMjljYzgxM2NlNjQwZjQyMmY3MzY0YzllZGQw The test kits cost a couple of bucks each.. Unlike field testing, the analysis conducted by these expert witnesses provides a far more accurate evaluation of a substance. Nik 800-6095 CBD Quick Test Pouches The TruNarc Handheld Narcotics Analyzer from Thermo Fisher Scientific uses Raman laser technology to safely identify narcotics, precursor chemicals, and cutting agents. Report generation and exporting is also covered in the course for those who need to send test info to data centers, superiors or others in the field. Nik Test V A test for Pentazocine (Talwin) ZjZhYzAwOTNiMzNmZmE0Zjk5ZmYyYWU5NTY1MzkwNDRkZjk5YTY2YTYzNjQx In addition, certain types of chemicals, such as household cleaners or acne medication, can create false positives. The explosives tests are used primarily for aviation and homeland security applications, and the gunshot residue test kits are used by local patrol and forensics units, parks departments, game wardens and state police departments across the country. The trouble is that it is extremely prone to false positive results, to such an extent that it is not admissible as evidence in court. For the few defendants brave enough to face trial on a drug possession charge stemming from a field test expert witnesses in the field of forensic toxicology and drug chemistry are key to vindication. This relatively dry testing method is especially helpful when the drugs are thought to be coated on or soaked into paper. This is a very accurate method for identifying a wide variety of substances because the spectroscopy takes advantage of the fact that all substances have a unique spectral fingerprint. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that the inexpensive field drug test kits that police use to test substances found on people are highly unreliable, resulting in arrests - and, sometim For details on the Florida handyman's story, check out the CNN coverage at "Man spends three months in jail after false positive on police drug test." 2. Do Not Sell My Personal Information. ZDk0NGE1NjY5MjBjN2RmZGUwNDQ3OGVmM2I2ZjkzNzI1OWRkMjlkMTE2ZjQ0 Eliminating the subjectivity of test interpretation and auto-documenting the procedure and result is no small thing. This is especially critical with drugs like fentanyl and its analogues, since even trace amounts can be deadly if inhaled. All test kits work in a similar way. Nik Test C Modified Dille-Koppanyi Reagent A test for Barbiturates. Some of these chemicals include household cleaners and acne medication. A new field test product remedies some of the problems and limitations associated with field test kits. The first field drug test kit specifically designed to detect Fentanyl BRS Innovations and Mistral Security are proud to announce the first field drug test kit specifically designed to detect Fentanyl is now available for pre-order.. Home of the simple 3-step test. NGFkOGFiMzI0MzU4NjE3MzU0MDA5NzdiOWE0NjhkNjFjN2E4NzEwMzk1Y2Y2 M2NlZWNiZGNmNDIwY2UxZjRmYTExZDIwMjI0MjE3NTFkMmFlMzYzNTY5NTFj The secure and easy all-access connection to your content. Dr. Marriott teaches students how to properly administer the tests as a part of the universitys law enforcement program and understand their limitations. "Once the color change occurs, then the QR code on the pouch can be scanned with an officer's smartphone camera. Dont rely on unreliable field tests to determine your fate. The danger associated with testing and identifying illicit drugs has been amplified by the alarming rise in the number of cases in which fentanyl is present. In those months of waiting for data, tens of thousands of Americans will overdose on or be poisoned by deadly substances. The library of known substances is regularly updated. ODFiZTQyYjcwMzAxN2JjZDJkNTEwZDk5NGViNDkyN2M4ZmZiZmQ1ZDdkNjI2 You know the scene: The potential buyer shoves his wicked-looking knife into a random, plastic package of heroin or cocaine, lifts a bit of powder onto the tip, then drops it into a test tube filled with a chemical (if hes feeling daring, he rubs a bit on his gums and smiles).